7. Modifying an Existing Installation

1. Q: Are linear MD's expandable? Can a new hard-drive/partition be added, and the size of the existing file system expanded?

   A: Miguel de Icaza < > writes:

   I changed the ext2fs code to be aware of multiple-devices instead of the regular one device per file system assumption.

   So, when you want to extend a file system, you run a utility program that makes the appropriate changes on the new device (your extra partition) and then you just tell the system to extend the fs using the specified device.

   You can extend a file system with new devices at system operation time, no need to bring the system down (and whenever I get some extra time, you will be able to remove devices from the ext2 volume set, again without even having to go to single-user mode or any hack like that).

   You can get the patch for 2.1.x kernel from my web page:

   http://www.nuclecu.unam.mx/~miguel/ext2-volume

2. Q: Can I add disks to a RAID-5 array?

   A: Currently, (September 1997) no, not without erasing all data. A conversion utility to allow this does not yet exist. The problem is that the actual structure and layout of a RAID-5 array depends on the number of disks in the array. Of course, one can add drives by backing up the array to tape, deleting all data, creating a new array, and restoring from tape.

3. Q: What would happen to my RAID1/RAID0 sets if I shift one of the drives from being /dev/hdb to /dev/hdc? Because of cabling/case size/stupidity issues, I had to make my RAID sets on the same IDE controller (/dev/hda and /dev/hdb). Now that I've fixed some stuff, I want to move /dev/hdb to /dev/hdc. What would happen if I just change the /etc/mdtab and /etc/raid1.conf files to reflect the new location?

   A: For RAID-0/linear, one must be careful to specify the drives in exactly the same order. Thus, in the above example, if the original config is

   
   mdadd /dev/md0 /dev/hda /dev/hdb
               
   

   Then the new config *must* be

   
   mdadd /dev/md0 /dev/hda /dev/hdc
               
   

   For RAID-1/4/5, the drive's ''RAID number'' is stored in its RAID superblock, and therefore the order in which the disks are specified is not important. RAID-0/linear does not have a superblock due to it's older design, and the desire to maintain backwards compatibility with this older design.

4. Q: Can I convert a two-disk RAID-1 mirror to a three-disk RAID-5 array?

   A: Yes. Michael at BizSystems has come up with a clever, sneaky way of doing this. However, like virtually all manipulations of RAID arrays once they have data on them, it is dangerous and prone to human error. Make a backup before you start.

   
   I will make the following assumptions:
   ---------------------------------------------
   disks 
   original: hda - hdc
   raid1 partitions hda3 - hdc3
   array name /dev/md0
   
   new hda - hdc - hdd
   raid5 partitions hda3 - hdc3 - hdd3
   array name: /dev/md1
   
   You must substitute the appropriate disk and partition numbers for 
   you system configuration. This will hold true for all config file 
   examples.
   --------------------------------------------
   DO A BACKUP BEFORE YOU DO ANYTHING
   1) recompile kernel to include both raid1 and raid5
   2) install new kernel and verify that raid personalities are present
   3) disable the redundant partition on the raid 1 array. If this is a
    root mounted partition (mine was) you must be more careful.
   
    Reboot the kernel without starting raid devices or boot from rescue 
    system ( raid tools must be available )
   
    start non-redundant raid1
   mdadd -r -p1 /dev/md0 /dev/hda3
   
   4) configure raid5 but with 'funny' config file, note that there is 
     no hda3 entry and hdc3 is repeated. This is needed since the
     raid tools don't want you to do this.
   -------------------------------
   # raid-5 configuration
   raiddev                 /dev/md1
   raid-level              5
   nr-raid-disks           3
   chunk-size              32
   
   # Parity placement algorithm
   parity-algorithm        left-symmetric
   
   # Spare disks for hot reconstruction
   nr-spare-disks          0
   
   device                  /dev/hdc3
   raid-disk               0
   
   device                  /dev/hdc3
   raid-disk               1
   
   device                  /dev/hdd3
   raid-disk               2
   ---------------------------------------
    mkraid /etc/raid5.conf
   5) activate the raid5 array in non-redundant mode
   
   mdadd -r -p5 -c32k /dev/md1 /dev/hdc3 /dev/hdd3
   
   6) make a file system on the array
   
   mke2fs -b {blocksize} /dev/md1
   
   recommended blocksize by some is 4096 rather than the default 1024.
   this improves the memory utilization for the kernel raid routines and 
   matches the blocksize to the page size. I compromised and used 2048 
   since I have a relatively high number of small files on my system.
   
   7) mount the two raid devices somewhere
   
   mount -t ext2 /dev/md0 mnt0
   mount -t ext2 /dev/md1 mnt1
   
   8) move the data
   
   cp -a mnt0 mnt1
   
   9) verify that the data sets are identical
   10) stop both arrays
   11) correct the information for the raid5.conf file
     change /dev/md1 to /dev/md0
     change the first disk to read /dev/hda3
   
   12) upgrade the new array to full redundant status
    (THIS DESTROYS REMAINING raid1 INFORMATION)
   
   ckraid --fix /etc/raid5.conf